Eurofins France >> Food Authenticity >> What is Food Fraud? >> Food Fraud Glossary

Food Authenticity >> What is Food Fraud? >> Food Fraud Glossary

Food Fraud Glossary

Type of non-compliance	Definition	Example
Substitution	Process of replacing a nutrient, an ingredient or part of a food (often one with high value), with another nutrient, ingredient or part of food (often one with lower value).	Substitute low value fish species for how value fish species when selling processed products (fillets, fish pies, etc.) Substitute milk protein with hydrolysed leather protein Substitute partially sunflower oil with mineral oil...
Dilution	Process of mixing a liquid ingredient (solute) with high value with a liquid of lower value.	Add water to Not-From-Concentrate (NFC) fruit juice or to milk..
Unapproved enhancement	Process of adding unknown and undeclared compounds to food products in order to enhance their quality attributes.	Add melamine to dairy products to increase the nitrogen content of already diluted milk..
Concealment	Process of hiding the low quality of food ingredients or products.	Injecte poultry with hormones to conceal disease Treat meat with carbon monoxide..
Grey market	This term includes production, theft, and diversion involving unauthorised sales channels for products.	The sale of excess unreported product when there are production agreements or quotas for the product and the product in question is deliberately produced in excess of these A fish product originating from illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing Geographical restriction on the sale and distribution of a product, and the product in question is deliberately sold or distributed in other areas..
Counterfeit	In the case where Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) infringement is in effect. This could include any or all aspects of the other product or packaging being fully replicated, for instance the process of copying the brand name, packaging concept or processing method for economic gain.	Imitate wines and spirits with fake labels of a popular brand
Mislabelling	Process of putting false claims on packaging for economic gain.	Sell farmed salmon as wild salmon, or conventional fresh produce as organic Expiry date modifications

All definitions and examples are from the FoodIntegrity Handbook

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